ASIS International (ASIS) Professional Certified Investigator Practice Exam

In the context of criminal law, what does the term "indictment" refer to?

1. A formal accusation of a serious crime

2. An order to attend court

3. An arrest warrant

4. A plea agreement

The correct answer is: A formal accusation of a serious crime

The term "indictment" refers specifically to a formal accusation of a serious crime. In the legal context, an indictment is typically issued by a grand jury, which is a group of citizens convened to evaluate whether there is enough evidence to charge someone with a crime. This process serves to protect individuals from being subject to unfounded criminal charges, as the grand jury must determine whether there is probable cause to proceed with prosecution. When an indictment is issued, it signifies that the judicial system believes there is sufficient evidence to bring the case to trial. This makes it a critical step in the criminal justice process, particularly in cases involving felonies, where the potential consequences are severe. The other options represent different legal concepts. An order to attend court pertains more to procedural matters and does not hold the same weight as an indictment. An arrest warrant is a document that allows law enforcement to take an individual into custody, while a plea agreement is a negotiated settlement between the defendant and prosecutor, often resulting in a guilty plea in exchange for lesser charges or sentences. Each of these has its own significance within the legal system, but they do not encompass the defining elements of what an indictment is.